The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models
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The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models
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Title information
The monograph is divided into six parts. Part I provides an overview of the problem, including descriptions of cumulus clouds and the effects of ensembles of cumulus clouds on mass, momentum, and vorticity distributions. A review of closure assumptions is also provided. A review of "classical" convection schemes in widespread use is provided in Part II. The special problems associated with the representation of convection in mesoscale models are discussed in Part III, along with descriptions of some of the commonly used mesoscale schemes. Part IV covers some of the problems associated with the representation of convection in climate models, while the parameterization of slantwise convection is the subject of Part V. The monograph concludes with a single paperbound describing some recent and very promising efforts to use explicit numerical simulations of ensembles of convective clouds to test cumulus representations.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Closure Assumptions in the Cumulus Parameterization Problem
Chapter 2. Observational Constraints on Cumulus Parameterizations
Chapter 3. Trade Cumulus Observations
Chapter 4. Impacts of Cumulus Convection on Thermodynamic Fields
Chapter 5. The Nature of Adjustment in Cumulus Cloud Fields
Chapter 6. Momentum Transport by Convective Bands: Comparisons of Highly Idealized Dynamical Models to Observations
Chapter 7. Cumulus Effects on Vorticity
Chapter 8. Convective Adjustment
Chapter 9. The Betts-Miller Scheme
Chapter 10. The Arakawa-Schubert Cumulus Parameterization
Chapter 11. Implementation of the Arakawa-Schubert Cumulus Parameterization with a Prognostic Closure
Chapter 12. The Kuo Cumulus Parameterization
Chapter 13. A Hybrid Parameterization with Multiple Closures
Chapter 14. An Overview of Cumulus Parameterization in Mesoscale Models
Chapter 15. Convective Parameterization for Mesoscale Models: The Fritsch-Chappell Scheme
Chapter 16. Convective Parameterization for Mesoscale Models: The Kain-Fritsch Scheme
Chapter 17. A Method of Parameterizing Cumulus Transports in a Mesoscale Primitive Equation Model: The Sequential Plume Scheme
Chapter 18. Efficient Cumulus Parameterization for Long-Term Climate Studies: The GISS Scheme
Chapter 19. A Cumulus Representation Based on the Episodic Mixing Model: The Importance of Mixing and Microphysics in Predicting Humidity Chapter 20. Parameterization of Slantwise Convection in Numerical Weather Prediction Models
Chapter 21. A Parameterization Scheme for Symmetric Instability: Tests for an Idealized Flow
Chapter 22. Cumulus Ensemble Simulation